{"id":739,"date":"2017-05-04T18:17:15","date_gmt":"2017-05-04T18:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/?page_id=739"},"modified":"2020-07-29T18:33:27","modified_gmt":"2020-07-29T18:33:27","slug":"health-inequality","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/global-africa\/health-inequality\/","title":{"rendered":"Health &#038; Inequality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div id=\"stcpDiv\">\n<p>Increasing evidence from scientists the world over indicates that many health outcomes \u2014 everything from life expectancy to infant mortality and obesity \u2014 can be linked to the level of economic inequality within a given population. Greater economic inequality appears to lead to worse health outcomes. By greater inequality, epidemiologists \u2014 the scientists who study the health of populations \u2014 don\u2019t just mean poverty. Poor health and poverty do go hand-in-hand. But high levels of inequality, the epidemiological research shows, negatively affect the health of even the affluent, mainly because, researchers contend, inequality reduces social cohesion, which leads to more stress, fear, and insecurity for everyone.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/embed-ssl.ted.com\/talks\/richard_wilkinson.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/figure><p><\/p>\n<p>Review the spatial distribution of health indices in Africa and worldwide.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"533\" height=\"385\" src=\"http:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture14.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"193\" class=\"wp-image-193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture14.jpg 533w, https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture14-300x216.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"620\" height=\"410\" src=\"http:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture101.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"185\" class=\"wp-image-185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture101.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture101-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"890\" height=\"622\" src=\"http:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture91.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"184\" class=\"wp-image-184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture91.jpg 890w, https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture91-300x209.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 890px) 100vw, 890px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"801\" height=\"524\" src=\"http:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture81.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"183\" class=\"wp-image-183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture81.jpg 801w, https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture81-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"602\" height=\"622\" src=\"http:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture7.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"182\" class=\"wp-image-182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture7.png 602w, https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture7-290x300.png 290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"362\" height=\"482\" src=\"http:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/yellow-fever-zone.gif\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"181\" class=\"wp-image-181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/yellow-fever-zone.gif 362w, https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/yellow-fever-zone-225x300.gif 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"491\" height=\"506\" src=\"http:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture6.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"180\" class=\"wp-image-180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture6.jpg 491w, https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture6-291x300.jpg 291w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"406\" height=\"335\" src=\"http:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture5.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"179\" class=\"wp-image-179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture5.png 406w, https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Picture5-300x247.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Equality Trust has also created an Index of Health and Social Problems to combine several indicators into a single variable that can be used to make describe the overall \u201chealth\u201d of a society. The 10 indicators that make up the Index of Health and Social Problems are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Life expectancy<\/li><li>Math proficiency and literacy<\/li><li>Infant mortality<\/li><li>Homicides<\/li><li>Imprisonment<\/li><li>Teenage births<\/li><li>Trust<\/li><li>Obesity<\/li><li>Mental illness, including drug and alcohol addiction<\/li><li>Social mobility<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Excess Deaths Due to Inequality<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>A 2009 study in the British Medical Journal attempted to quantify the number of deaths that could be attributed to economic inequality among the 30 rich countries that make up the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The researchers found an association between greater inequality and a higher overall death rate in countries where inequality runs relatively high. What constitutes \u201crelatively high\u201d inequality? To answer this question, the researchers ranked the 30 OECD countries in order of their \u201cGini index,\u201d a standard metric that economists use to describe the level of inequality in a population. Ginis can run from 0.0 to 1.0, with higher numbers indicating greater inequality. The most equal country in the OECD, Denmark, has a Gini of 0.225. The United States ranks as the fourth-most unequal country, with a Gini of 0.357, following only Mexico, Turkey, and Poland. The median Gini among OECD nations, 0.3, became the reference point against which researchers compared countries and their death rates. The study concluded that almost 884,000 excess deaths per year in the United States could be attributed to the high level of income inequality in the U.S. In other words, if the Gini in the United States were 0.3 instead of 0.357, we would see nearly 884,000 fewer deaths per year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/inequality.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/GIMP-Deaths-Linked-to-Inequality.png?9aeac0\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-7032 size-full\" title=\"death-rates-linked-to-inequality\" src=\"http:\/\/inequality.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/GIMP-Deaths-Linked-to-Inequality.png?9aeac0\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"319\"><\/a>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background-color: #000000; width: 520px;\">\n<div style=\"padding: 4px;\">\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/media.mtvnservices.com\/embed\/mgid:arc:video:comedycentral.com:06a62bb3-35ba-4e74-b1cf-670495d5e810\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/figure><p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 4px; margin-top: 4px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Get More: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cc.com\">Comedy Central<\/a>,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cc.com\/funny-videos\">Funny Videos<\/a>,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cc.com\/shows\">Funny TV Shows<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References and Resources<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"http:\/\/exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu\/hivaids-a-crisis-in-africa\/\">HIV\/AIDS: A crisis in Africa<\/a><\/li><li>Farmer, Paul. 2001<em>. Infections and Inequalities; the emergence of a modern plague<\/em>. Available online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.shi.or.th\/upload\/SHI_team\/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B22553\/Infections%20and%20Inequalities.pdf\">http:\/\/www.shi.or.th\/upload\/SHI_team\/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B22553\/Infections%20and%20Inequalities.pdf<\/a><\/li><li>Popkin, Barry. 2001. \u2018Nutrition Transition and Obesity in the Developing World\u2019 <em>Journal of Nutrition<\/em> Vol. 131. Available online: <a href=\"http:\/\/jn.nutrition.org\/content\/131\/3\/871S.full\">http:\/\/jn.nutrition.org\/content\/131\/3\/871S.ful<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For Discussion in Canvas<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit the United Nations <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"www.who.org\" target=\"_blank\">World Health Organization website<\/a>\u00a0 and the <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations Development Program website<\/a> to collect health data and any health-related maps related to your selected country. What is the relationship to health and inequality in your selected country? How does your country rank internationally in terms of economics and health factors? What is the social distribution of health impacts within your selected country? Who is affected the most?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For Extra Credit<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Watch and analyze the film &#8216;A Walk to Beautiful&#8217; (Ethiopia) or the &#8216;Edge of Joy&#8217; (Nigeria) and use the <a href=\"http:\/\/anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Inequality-.pdf\">Inequality<\/a> worksheet to address the problem presented in the film.\u00a0 Identify the different scales of inequality based vulnerability to fistula disaster (household, village, national, etc.) Who is affected and what are the risks? The films present a clinic as a solution, yet clinics only address the symptoms. Consider inequality as the root cause, and propose an intervention that will help prevent fistula disasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A Walk To Beautiful\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QlADfuqPdkU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Increasing evidence from scientists the world over indicates that many health outcomes \u2014 everything from life expectancy to infant mortality<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":743,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/739"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=739"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/739\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1801,"href":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/739\/revisions\/1801"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anthrocervone.org\/africanhumanities\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}